Since compression of the vapor increases both the pressure and temperature of the vapor, it is possible to use the latent heat rejected during. Mechanical vapor compression aquaswiss ag the thermal. Vaporcompression desalination vc refers to a distillation process where the evaporation of sea or saline water is obtained by the application of heat delivered by compressed vapor overview. Use vapor recompression to recover lowpressure waste steam. A new technique for recovering energy in thermally coupled. In the vapourcompression system, heat is provided by the compression of vapour rather than by direct heat input from a boiler. A rotary lobe compressor provides the driving force for the evaporation and compression of water vapor. The tvc system yields the least exergy destruction. The means for creating turbulence in the flow of the second fluid may comprise from one to several foraminous screens placed between adjacent tubes in the shell, each extending across the. Comparison of lobetype and centrifugal compressors appendix glossary bibliography and suggestions for further study 1. The steam generated due to evaporation of seawater is used as heating source to generate more steam. The final report consists of two standalone documents. The thermodynamic efficiency is derived from the application of the heat pump principle by a large volumetric flow compressor acting as the heat pump. Full text of vapor compression distillation subsystem vcds.
If more vapor can be produced and then condensed into fresh water with the same amount of heat, the process tends to be more efficient. The key difference that makes vcd unique is that the compression of vapor is utilized to change the boiling point of water. Meco vapor compression stills feature the gii centurbo compressor for food and beverage water solutions. Waste heat vacuum distillation,steam distillers, flash evaporation and reverse osmosis. Remarkably, all it takes is boiling and reliquefying water at precise temperatures. The vapor is compressed and condensed on the opposite side of the evaporator surface to conserve latent energy. Other articles where vapour compression distillation is discussed. Mechanical vapor compression aquatech and ge mechanical vapor recompression aquapure and 212 resources intevras. When used in a vapor compression distillation apparatus, the first fluid is the liquid to be distilled, and the second fluid is the compressed vapor steam. Sep 29, 1998 when used in a vapor compression distillation apparatus, the first fluid is the liquid to be distilled, and the second fluid is the compressed vapor steam. A new technique for recovering energy in thermally coupled distillation using vapor recompression cycles miguel a. The idea of a thermocompressor system for application at mcguinness was the responsibility of mike delevante technical services manager. Since the pressure increase of the vapor also generates an increase in the condensation temperature, the same vapor can serve as the heating medium for its mother.
Vapor compression desalination refers to a distillation process where the. The heat required to evaporate water which flows on one side of a heat transfer surface is supplied through the simultaneous condensation of the distillateproducing vapor on. Familiar examples include the distillation of crude fermentation broths into alcoholic spirits such as gin and vodka, and the fractionation of crude oil into useful products such as gasoline and heating oil. Type536 relies upon an external data file to provide information on how the transmittance. In this diagram you can see a still with steam heating. Novel and emerging technologies for produced water.
Mechanical vapor compression aquaswiss mechanical vapor compression mvc distillation is the most thermodynamically efficient process of singlepurpose thermal desalination. A vapor compression system in accordance with claim 1 including heat exchanger means, a distillate pump for pumping distillate from said distillate receiving vessel through said heat exchanger means to outlet, an incoming conduit passing through said heat exchanger means and communicating with said evaporator vessel to allow incoming feedwater to receive heat given. The system is basically a heat exchanger that is an evaporatorcondenser. The advantages of vapor compression is that it is ideal for areas where the supply water is brackish and the produced water is naturally sterilised because of the high temperature attained.
Vapor compression distillation, or vcd, is often used together with multieffect distillation for large applications or alone when used in smaller settings. The gas, in this case steam vapor, is entrained by the steam and carried into a ventrishaped diffuser which converts the velocity energy of the steam into pressure energy. Compression ratios versus run times for different size data files are graphically. The mechanical vapor compression mvc distillation is inherently the most thermodynamically efficient process of singlepurpose thermal desalination plants. Distillation principles chemical engineering, 200711, rvce. What links here related changes upload file special pages permanent link page. Water vapor generated from the water layer on the evaporation side of the heat transfer surface is compressed to raise its saturation temperature and pressure and. Tr47126 vapor compression distillation subsystem vcds component enhancement, testing and expert fault diagnostics development final report cm t co qo sb o. In the present work, theoretical investigation of the performance of two sequential desalination systems, multieffect distillation and mechanical vapor compression, is carried out. How vapor compression distiller works wfi from vapor. Vapor compression food and beverage water solutions. Mechanical vapor compression distillation of saline water is a process in which mechanical energy is used as the main driving force. Vapor compression distillation apparatus terra mannix inc.
Use vapor recompression to recover lowpressure waste. Vapor compression distillation subsystem vcds component enhancement, testing and expert fault diagnostics development final report volume ii by es. Readings desalination and water purification mechanical. Books i and ii contain process and economic data for a 50,000 gpd pilot plant and a 10,000,000 gpd production plant. Novel and emerging technologies for produced water treatment. It can be used for a broad range of applications and. A new synthesis perspective on standard configurations the vapor recompression distillation scheme is examined and compared with. Pharmaceutical vapor compression distillation vcd, improperly known as thermocompression or such as mechanical vapor recompression mvr or mechanical vapor compression mvc distillation, too, is the main way to produce wfi water for injection and grade waters for pharmaceutical use.
Distillation distillation is a commonly used method for purifying liquids and separating mixtures of liquids into their individual components. Noncondensibles removed prior to distillation corrosion reduction hot standby improved response to distillate demand elimination of biogrowth sanitary construction and connections on product contact plc based controls equipment details state of the art, gii centurbo compressor. Produces purified water usp purified, highly purified water hpw and water for injection wfi in accordance with all recognized pharmacopoeias meetsexceeds the exacting standards of the pharmaceutical industry and cgmp requirements. Vapor compression distillation vcd is the chosen technology for urine processing aboard the international space station iss. Pharmaceutical vapor compression distillation vcd, improperly known as thermocompression or such as mechanical vapor recompression mvr or mechanical vapor compression mvc, too, is the main way to produce grade waters for pharmaceutical production environment. Vapor compression distillation numbers reference the points in the diagrams above and below 1. Report discussing a particular method of converting saline water through vapor compression distillation at plants of different sizes. In the vc process, the vapor produced by evaporating the water is compressed to increase the saturation pressure and temperature.
Vaporcompression desalination vc refers to a distillation process where the evaporation of. Organic liquids containing small amounts vapor compression distillation vc is a process used to produce water for injection wfi on the principle of distillation, where the water is distilled with phase change and entrainment separation. Introduction the vapor compression distillation process can be designed as a low capital cost and corresponding low performance ratio about 7 ibs product per kbtu or as a higher capital cost and higher pr about 31 plant. Vapor compression distiller manufacturing wfi from. The marshall center also was responsible for the vapor compression distillation flight experiment, which flew aboard the shuttle on sts107 in 2003 to demonstrate the use of a fullscale urine processor assembly in weightlessness. Direct contact membrane distillation dcmd transport of water vapor through microporous, hydrophobic membrane driven by difference in partial vapor pressure across the membrane. The wpa, shown in figure 2, processes the upa distillate and other wastewaters including condensate and hygiene waters with multifiltration, partial oxidation, and ion exchange. Vapor compression distillation general ault analysis. The process vapour compression is a distillation process, where evaporation of sea or brackish water is obtained by the application of. This explains the operation and working principle of a vapor compression distillation type fresh water generator. Distillation is based on the fact that the vapour of a boiling mixture will be richer in the. Global optimal design of mechanical vapor compression mvc. These type of generators are used where heating source is not available.
Department of chemical engineering, university of alicante. Therefore, bramcor stmc vapor compression distiller vcd produces compendial. It is self sustaining and requires very less energy to produce water. Request pdf vapor recompression for efficient distillation. Vapor compression desalination vc refers to a distillation process where the evaporation of sea or saline water is obtained by the application of heat delivered by compressed vapor. Summary of water processing trade studies and analysis of. Its directly driven variable speed motor eliminates belt drives and gear transmissions.
Zdankiewicz december, 1987 distribution of this report is provided in the interest of information exchange. Heated feed stream in contact with the active side of the membrane penetration of aqueous solution into the membrane pores is prevented by the. This report is divided into three sections books each with its own index. Pdf mechanical vapor compressiomembrane distillation hybrids. Nasa vapor compression distillation vcd flight experiment. The mechanical compressor creates a vacuum in the vessel and then compresses the vapor taken from the. The vcd flight experiment is designed to verify the vapor compression distillation processing concept in weightlessness, as well as the performance of the various components. Waste brine resulting from the distillation process is stored in the arfta, which is a bellows tank that can be filled. The system combines the benefits of distillation with those of vapor compression to greatly lower the cost of distillation for removal of water or concentration of other ingredients. Mallinak december, 1987 prepared under contract nas916374 by. Vapor compression distillation using secondary heat transfer.
Kamen once ran down a partial list of what this process can purify. Mechanical vapor compression distillation encyclopedia of life. The heart of the experiment is the distillation assembly. Vapor compression evaporation is the evaporation method by which a blower, compressor or jet ejector is used to compress, and thus, increase the pressure of the vapor produced. Urine is processed using a phase change process from the liquid phase to the vapor phase and back to liquid. Vapor compression distillation using secondary heat. To significantly reduce the amount of energy needed for vaporization, the distillation desalting.
Capacity range covers single effect from 100 to and double effect units from m3day to more than 2000 m3day. Vapour compression distillation chemical process britannica. Full text of vapor compression distillation subsystem vcds component enhancement, testing and expert fault diagnostics development, volume 1 see other formats cfl nzoya. Noncondensibles removed prior to distillation corrosion reduction hot standby improved response to distillate demand elimination of biogrowth sanitary construction and connections on product contact plc based controls equipment details. Vapor compression distillation pharma vapor compressions. Costs of chemical processes are often dominated by separation. Development and life testing over the past several years have brought to the forefront problems and solutions for the vcd technology. The advantages of vapor compression is that it is ideal for areas where the supply water is brackish and the produced water is naturally sterilised because of. The low pr plant is designed with a maximum brine temperature of about requiring on ly a polyelectrolyte scale. Vapor compression distillation systems vcd, improperly known as thermocompression or mechanical vapor recompression mvr, produces water for pharmaceutical use, more precisely for i.
Improved waste water vapor compression distillation technology. Aquaswiss mechanical vapor compression mvc distillation is the most thermodynamically efficient process of singlepurpose thermal desalination. Distillation basics the vaporization of a liquid and condensation of the resulting vapor is the basis of distillation. The mechanical vapor compression mvc desalination system is based on distillation of seawater. Pdf advanced mechanical vaporcompression desalination. Analysis of a mechanical vapor compression desalination. Some of the compressed and heated vapour is then recycled through a series of tubes passing through. Vapor compression and thermoelectric heat pumps for a cascade distillation subsystem. Mechanical vapor compression membrane distillation. To understand how vapor compression distiller works it is useful to discover the essential parts of the machine. All of these purifiers work by vapor compression distillation. Since compression of the vapor increases both the pressure and temperature of the vapor, it is possible to use the latent heat rejected during condensation to generate additional vapor. Other areas of responsibility the marshall center also provides technical support for.
Ungar nasajohnson space center, houston, tx, 77058 humans on a spacecraft require significant amounts of water for drinking, food, hydration, and hygiene. Full text of vapor compression distillation subsystem. Typically, the compressed vapor is fed back to help heat the mother liquor in order to produce more vapor or steam. When the vapour is rapidly compressed, its temperature rises. Mechanical vapor recompression mvr is an energy recovery process which can be used to recycle waste heat to improve efficiency. Vapor compression and thermoelectric heat pumps for a. Vapor compression distillation urine processor lessons.
Lara and others published advanced mechanical vaporcompression desalination system find, read and cite all the. It is basically a heat pump process that pumps heat from a lowtemperature reservoir to a higher temperature reservoir, just. Dwsim open source process simulator discussion help. Vapor compression and thermoelectric heat pumps for a cascade. Vapor compression distillation is a system that treats industrial process water and wastewater streams. Process description mechanical vapor compression distillation of saline water is a process in which mechanical energy is used as the main driving force. Incoming water influent enters the system and runs through two heat exchangers which transfer heat to the influent from the outgoing pure water distillate and grey water concentrate.