Fill in the blanks with an appropriate subordinating conjunction. Most people are comfortable with the idea of a noun, but they may not feel so confident when it comes to the noun clause. Defining a noun clause noun clause subordinators functions of a noun clause. Ifwhether has the college decided to build another parking lot. Noun clauses exercises answers reported speech worksheet answers noun clauses multiple. Wh ever clauses can be used as a subject or an object in a sentence.
Noun clauses are clauses that act like nouns in sentences. Know more about the noun clause by knowing its functions. Leanne teaches us about noun clauses with question words in the english language. How to use embedded questions or whclauses in english. Noun clauses with question words noun clauses coursera. Definition and examples of whclauses in english thoughtco. Relative clauses are used to give extra information about something in a sentence. That cigarette smoking results in malignant cancer. The embedded question is a noun clause and can be used in a similar way to a noun. Words such as because, if, since, that, until, which, and whom signal that the clause may be subordinate. We can use question words like who, what, when, where, why, how, and which to ask questions in english. For clarity, the heads associated with the complement clauses are underlined in. When you see a noun clause at the very beginning of a sentence, its function is the subject or the verb that comes right after it.
Sep 05, 20 a noun clause serves the same purpose as a noun. A group of words which do what a noun does with a subject and a verb that can be a subject, an object, or an object of a preposition. The whever words below introduce modifying clauses and express any or it doesnt matter who, what, when, where or how. Nonrestrictive relative clauses introduction clauses that include a wh word are called wh clauses. Wh ever words however whatever whenever wherever whichever whoever whomever 3. Here are some examples, and take note of the underlined clause. Another word that is commonly followed by an if or wh noun clause is the verb see.
A defining relative clause gives information about the noun it modifies. Noun clauses which begin with a question word are also called embedded questions where does she live. Oct 27, 2019 an important aspect of wh clauses, notes geoffrey leech, is that they require the wh element to be placed at the beginning of the clause, even if this means changing the normal order of subject, verb, object and so on a glossary of english grammar, 2010. In english grammar, a whclause is a subordinate clause that is. A noun clause used as an object is the object of an introductory clause verb. In most varieties of english, the wh words are used as relative pronouns. Noun clauses can function as subjects, objects, or complements. Wh words are also known as interrogatives, question words, wh pronouns, and fused relatives. There are instances wherein we would like to name something but a lone word would not suffice, and that is when we need a noun clause, which is composed of a group of words, in order to name something.
The teacher must determine if they are ready to study noun clauses. The clause in every if or whether noun clause has regular sentence order, not question order. Print this file and place the answer pages to the side. For instance, although wh movement out of that clause complements to verbs is completely acceptable, as shown in 19be, wh movement out of that clause complements to nouns is not, as shown in 20 and 21. Use how, how many, what, when, where, which, who or why. Like all clauses, a noun clause has a subject and a verb. Noun clause defining a noun clause noun clause subordinators. Use colored markers and a highlighter to work on each practice sentence.
English exercise wh word clauses created by eos17 with the test builder. Exploring nominal relative clauses, interrogative wh. Antonia romaker english and russian online 55,792 views. I think it all depends on how you use the wh words. A noun clause is a group of words acting together as a noun. My dog floyd, who eats too much pizza, has developed pepperoni breath. The wh object pronouns make the sentence take the word order of a question. I teach english to adult international students, immigrants. Noun clauses after linking verbs be, become, seem, look. Wh words that are adverbs function in the standard adverb roles of denoting time, place, manner, and reason. I wonder i dont know if the college has raised tuition again. Adjective, adverb, noun clauses gerund,participial and. Nouns exercises 1 plurals nouns exercises 2 plurals countable uncountable nouns 2 abstract or concrete nouns 2 noun verb adjective adverb root prefix suffix 1 prefixes and suffixes word formation exercises 1 noun clauses pdf exercises. Because most noun clauses describe who, what, when, where, whose, which, and how, the subordinating conjunctions used to introduce noun clauses are almost always whwords.
An important aspect of wh clauses, notes geoffrey leech, is that they require the wh element to be placed at the beginning of the clause, even if this means changing the normal order of subject, verb, object and so on a glossary of english grammar, 2010. I showed him what to look for when he was buying a secondhand car. A noun clause is a type of dependent clause that acts as the noun with a purpose to name a person, place, thing, or idea. This page has lots of examples of noun clauses and an interactive exercise. For example, the following italicized clauses are examples of noun clauses. The noun clause is the modifiedthe noun clause is the modified. Consider this line from the 1998 film the truman show. Subordination, rather than coordination using lots ofands and buts to connect ideas is the mark ofa mature writing style.
I have been wondering that if a wh word what, who, which, whom and etc comes first in a sentence, would it make the sentence a noun clause as well as an interrogative sentence. Noun clauses beginning with a question word chapter 14 noun clauses question word and ifwhether clauses ifwhether has the college raised tuition again. Noun clauses noun clauses are defined as subordinate clauses formed by a subordinating conjunction followed by a clause. May 10, 2016 subject and object questions, word order in questions, questions with who and what duration. But in some cases the word order remains the same, for example who is responsible for this. As you know, a clause contains a subject and a predicate of its own. A noun clause can always be replaced by a single pronoun such as you, he, she, it, they, there, etc. Whclause, thatclause, and included, embedded or indirect questions.
The first word of the noun clause must be a subordinating conjunction. Sometimes they form noun clauses and other times they form interrogative sentences. A noun clause as a subject always takes a singular verb 1. Wh clauses that begin with words like who, what, how, whenever, which, etc. Embedded questions whclauses perfect english grammar.
For example, we can use it as the subject or the object of the main clause. Noun clauses can begin with wh question words what, which, when, where. A noun clause can act as the subject or object of the verb in the main clause. In this video, i explain noun clauses that start with wh question words. Types of noun clauses there are three types of noun clauses. Word order in noun clauses is the same as that in declaratives 1. The exception to this is in informal spoken english, when the speaker wants to show shock or disbelief. A noun clause is a dependent clause which takes the place of a noun in another clause or phrase. The term nominal relative clause is not used very much in tefl materials, even at advanced level. Wh words in noun clauses wh words that are the no uns inside a noun clause can function in any of the standard four noun roles. That cannot be used as a relative pronoun in a nonrestrictive relative clause. However, take care not to use too many adjective clauses.
Noun clauses any clause that functions as a noun becomes a noun clause. Also, make sure you know what sentence clauses are and check out this lesson on complex sentences if you are not sure of the difference between dependent and independent clauses. A a whphrase can be used to package up content in a clause so that emphasis can be placed elsewhere in the clause. Noun clause is a traditional grammar term for an embedded clause that functions as the subject or object predicate complement, of the clause in a similar way that a noun does. If you use a wh word at the beginning of a sentence and it becomes a complete sentence by that clause itself with.
Embedded questions wh and yesno question clauses download this explanation in pdf here. In conversation, noun clauses can be replaced by so after think hope believe suppose expect know 16. Noun clauses are usually introduced by the subordinating conjunctions that, why, how, if and whether. I asked him how i could get to the station, and he told me. Wh words can appear in main clauses and in subordinate clauses. Structure it using noun clauses read the conversation. Reported speech to report what another person has said, we usually do not use the speakers exact words direct speech, but reported indirect speech. Exploring nominal relative clauses, interrogative wh clauses and the like. For this reason, the structure is called a subordinate clause or content.
I will give whoever gets the best mark a new calculator. Like a noun, a noun clause acts as the subject or object of a verb or the object of a preposition, answering the questions whom. A noun clause is a clause that functions as a noun. Noun clauses wh words indirect wh questions noun clauses. Noun clauses which begin with a question word also called. The pronouns are who, whose, whom, which,read more. Noun clauses introduction and noun clauses with that duration. In a sentence, the subject of a noun clause always takes a singular verb.
Below, a whphrase is followed by a be verb and a modifier. Wh words can appear in both direct questions and indirect questions, and they are used to begin wh clauses. Noun clauses a noun clauseis a subordinate clause used as a noun. If you are uncertain whether a part of a sentence is functioning as a noun clause, try replacing it with a pronoun. May 15, 2014 a noun clause is a group of words which does the work of a noun. Why the enemy soldiers are so ruthless breaks my heart. Whword noun clauses as subjects what an octopus can. Whword noun clauses as subjects what an octopus can do with only eight arms always amazes me. Although many of the words that introduce noun and adjective clauses are used to introduce adverb clause, these vary depending on what the clause is expressing i. Lots of noun clauses start with that, how, or a wh word e.
Whword noun clauses are like noun phrases in that they function as subjects or completers of finite verbs or as completers of prepositions. The noun clause comes after the main verb in the sentence. Whword clauses get their name from the fact that most of the words that introduce them begin with the letters wh. Apr 02, 2012 but as one of my favourite student grammar books, grammar and vocabulary for cambridge advanced and proficiency, by side and wellman longman, has one section on nominal relative clauses, and another on interrogative wh clauses, i thought it might be interesting to compare them. How what where which whoever if whatever whichever whoever whomever that when whether who, which why 3. Do you know how to make noun clauses using if or whether. A noun clause does not have a question word order even though it starts with a question word. Because most noun clauses describe who, what, when, where, whose, which, and how, the subordinating conjunctions used to introduce noun clauses are almost always wh words. The subordinating conjunctions in english that introduce noun clauses are that, o, if, whether, whwords, and whever words. A subordinate clause or dependent clause does not express a complete thought and cannot stand by itself as a complete sentence. Noun clauses are usually introduced by the subordinating conjunctions that, if and whether.
There are two types of relative clauses, defining and nondefining. Whever words however whatever whenever wherever whichever whoever whomever 3. A noun clause is a dependent clause that functions like a noun as a subject, a subject complement, or an object. Cover the answer pages with a sheet of paper, and slide the paper down as you complete each practice sentence. Jan 09, 2014 leanne teaches us about noun clauses with question words in the english language. The verb likes is complemented by completed by the noun milk. I read it somewhere that when we change a wh question into a nominal clause, the word order is changed. Sometimes we want to use a question as part of another question or a statement. Adjective clauses are one way to improve your writing style because they use subordination to connect ideas. Noun clauses in everyday speech voa learning english. This type of relative clause merely provides extra information. That only begins noun clauses as subject, object, and subject complements.
Anotherverycommonuseistoexpressanopinionabout, orreactionto,somesituation. The students will ask their teacher when the final exam is. Chart1 23 thisexercisecombinesnounclausesthatbeginwithquestionwordsandthosethatbegin. Wh words except what and why, and that words that introduce adverb clauses. Patricia wanted to know if her dad would give her a ride to school.
The information may be quite interesting and important to the larger conversation, but it is not essential for precise identification of the noun. The verbs do, does, and did are not used in noun clauses. Here the noun clause that she has won the prize acts as the subject of the verb surprised. Martha will give whoever she sees there her old bag. Oneofthemostcommonusesofconversationandwritingistoreport whatwassaidbysomeoneelse. Some noun clauses begin with words such as that, what, why, or other words that start with wh. Adjective, adverb, noun clauses gerund,participial and infinitive phrases jfjafar aiasgari english department. Whever clauses can be used as a subject or an object in a sentence.
Inside the noun clause, the wh words that are nouns can play all four noun roles of subject, object of verb, object of preposition, and predicate nominative. Your example sentence is only an interrogative sentence. Noun clause we can combine two independent clauses by changing one to a noun clause. The wh words that are adverbs can play the standard adverb roles of denoting time, place, manner, and reason. I dont know whetherif my students have studied noun clauses before. In current linguistic description, a preposition is not limited to just an object noun as its complement.